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擁有健康生活的關鍵:飲食與運動的平衡

高血壓、高血脂和高膽固醇這「三高」是當今許多人面臨的重大健康問題,尤其是在香港這樣的大都市,生活方式因素加劇了三高問題的普遍存在。根據健康統計數據,超過一半的香港成年人口至少患有其中一種疾病,凸顯了一個亟待關注的重要公共衛生問題。這些疾病不僅危害個人健康,還會增加嚴重心血管疾病、中風以及腎衰竭等各種併發症的風險。了解其成因、症狀、風險以及可能的營養改善,對於控制和減輕三高的影響至關重要。 社區努力提高人們對理解「 三高 」價值的認識至關重要。以預防措施、常規健康檢查和教育研討會為重點的項目,可以幫助人們掌控自己的健康,並做出明智的決定。醫療保健專家、機構、工作環境和區域組織之間的合作,可以創造有益的環境,鼓勵人們選擇更健康的生活方式。 散步、騎自行車、游泳或參加健身課程等簡單的活動都能增強心臟健康。運動有助於維持健康體重,而體重是另一個公認的關鍵因素,有助於降低高血壓、高血脂和高膽固醇的風險。 早期發現三高可以顯著影響治療和生活方式的改變。早期階段通常沒有症狀或症狀較為輕微,因此患者不僅需要注意自身狀況,也需辨識自身的危險因子。定期進行血壓測量和血脂檢查等檢查,有助於在問題惡化之前發現並解決。例如,高血壓通常沒有症狀,導致人們誤以為自己健康,但實際上他們的心臟健康卻逐漸衰退。因此,定期篩檢可以作為維護整體健康的重要檢查點。 另一方面,高血脂症是指血液中脂質含量異常,可能包括膽固醇和三酸甘油酯升高。血脂水平可以透過簡單的血液檢查來分析,測量各種脂質的含量。三酸甘油酯的標準是正常值應低於1.7 mmol/L。同時,膽固醇水平分為兩種:高密度脂蛋白(HDL)-因其保護性特性,通常被稱為好膽固醇-和低密度脂蛋白(LDL),後者因其與動脈斑塊形成有關而被稱為壞膽固醇。對於總膽固醇,醫學指南建議理想水平低於5.2 mmol/dL,而LDL水平應保持在2.6 mmol/L以下,以降低動脈斑塊形成的風險。了解體內存在的不同類型的脂質至關重要,因為高血脂涵蓋了更廣泛的脂質異常,而高膽固醇則具體描述過高的膽固醇水平,尤其是 LDL。 營養管理在對抗「三高」方面發揮著至關重要的作用。採用富含水果、蔬菜、全穀物和瘦蛋白的心臟健康飲食,可以顯著改善高血壓和血脂水平。一些特定的飲食方法,例如DASH(預防高血壓的飲食方法),注重減少鹽攝取量並增加富含鉀的食物。食用富含Omega-3脂肪酸的食物,例如鮭魚和沙丁魚等富含脂肪的魚類,也可以透過降低三酸甘油酯來支持心臟健康。此外,避免食用通常存在於加工食品中的反式脂肪和飽和脂肪,有助於降低低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)水平。 這三種高血脂症的危害不容小覷。高血壓會導致嚴重的併發症,包括心臟衰竭、冠狀動脈疾病、動脈瘤以及智力衰退。高血脂症會導致動脈粥狀硬化,這是一種以動脈硬化為特徵的疾病,可能導致心臟病發作和中風。高膽固醇會破壞體內脂質的平衡,增加心血管疾病的風險。此外,這三種疾病經常同時發生,以難以控制的方式加劇健康風險。 散步、騎自行車、游泳或參加健康健身課程等基本活動可以增強心臟健康。運動有助於維持健康體重,而健康體重是降低高血壓、高血脂和高膽固醇相關風險的另一個重要因素。 除了調整營養和運動之外,生活方式的改變,例如減輕壓力和獲得充足的休息,也能在改善這些狀況方面發揮重要作用。高壓力會導致不良的飲食習慣和高血壓。練習冥想、瑜珈或深呼吸等休閒技巧有助於控制壓力水平。休息也同樣重要,因為休息不足會對許多健康症狀產生負面影響,包括高血壓和代謝功能。成年人每晚應保證7至9小時的優質睡眠,以保持整體健康。 控制血脂和膽固醇,一個有效的方法是增加膳食纖維的攝取。此外,富含橄欖油、堅果、全穀物和瘦蛋白的地中海飲食,已被證實與降低心血管疾病風險有關,因此對於想要控制「三高」的人來說,它是一個值得考慮的選擇。 早期發現三高可以顯著影響治療和生活方式的改變。高血壓通常沒有症狀,導致患者誤以為自己健康,但實際上他們的心血管健康正在減弱。 總而言之,「三高」——高血壓、高血脂和高膽固醇——代表著嚴重的健康問題,需要積極的管理和介入。了解和教育這些疾病可以幫助人們做出改變,從而擁有更長壽、更健康的生活,最終減少「三高」對個人健康和整個醫療保健系統的影響。

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